where does canada import fruits and vegetables from


Although, the United States continues to command a 79 percent share of market (SOM), off-shore competition has marginally eroded this SOM in recent years. (billed annually). Vegetables and Pulses Outlook: April 2021, by Wilma V. Davis and Gary Lucier, ERS, April 2021, Florida and Mexico Competition for the Winter Fresh Vegetable Market, by Buckley, Katharine C., VanSickle, John J., Bredahl, Maury E., Belibasis, Emil, and Gutierrez, Nicholas, USDA, ERS, June 1986, Labor-Intensive U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Industry Competes in a Global Market, by Linda Calvin and Philip Martin , USDA, Economic Research Service, December 2010, Greenhouse Tomatoes Change the Dynamics of the North American Fresh Tomato Industry, by Roberta Cook and Linda Calvin, USDA, Economic Research Service, April 2005, Global Trade Patterns in Fruits and Vegetables, by Sophia Huang, Linda Calvin, William T. Coyle, John Dyck, Kenzo Ito, David Kelch, Gary Lucier, Agnes Perez, Susan Pollack, Shirley Pryor, Anita Regmi, Mathew Shane, Dennis Shields, Jim Stout, and Thomas Worth , USDA, Economic Research Service, June 2004, Fruit and Vegetable Backgrounder, by Gary Lucier, Susan Pollack, Mir Ali, and Agnes Perez, USDA, Economic Research Service, April 2006, Changing Structure of Global Food Consumption and Trade, by Anita Regmi, USDA, Economic Research Service, May 2001, Download larger size chart (2049 pixels by 1569, 144 dpi), Download higher resolution chart (4276 pixels by 2822, 300 dpi), Download higher resolution chart (4268 pixels by 2953, 300 dpi), Download larger size chart (2049 pixels by 1408, 144 dpi), Privacy Policy & Non-Discrimination Statement, U.S. Fresh Vegetable Imports From Mexico and Canada Continue To Surge. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Everything you need to know about Consumer Goods, Identify market potentials of the digital future, Insights into the world's most important technology markets, Health Market Outlook "Monthly import value of fruit, nuts and vegetables in Canada from 2014 to 2019 (in million Canadian dollars)*." This is a best prospect industry sector for this country. Therefore, you are the party ultimately responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the import declaration; as well as, the payment of applicable duties and taxes into Canada. Imports previously complemented U.S. production during the winter, autumn, and early spring months when domestic supplies were limited. For further information and for assistance in marketing U.S. agricultural and food products in Canada, U.S. exporters should contact: Foreign Safeguard Activity Involving U.S. Exports, Canada - Using an Agent to Sell U.S. Products and Services, Canada - Protecting Intellectual Property, Canada - Limitations on Selling U.S. Products and Services, Canada - Agricultural Machinery and Equipment, Canada - Architecture, Construction, and Engineering Services (ACE), Canada - Healthcare and Medical Equipment, Canada - Information and Communications Technology (ICT), Canada - Mining and Minerals: Systems and Equipment, Canada - Power Generation and Renewable Energy, Canada - Import Requirements and Documentation, Canada - Licensing Requirements for Professional Services, Canada - U.S. Banks and Local Correspondent Banks, www.cfia-acia.agr.ca/english/reg/rege.shtml, http://www.inspection.gc.ca/food/sfcr/eng/1512149177555/1512149203296, www.inspection.gc.ca/english/fssa/labeti/guide/toce.shtml, www.inspection.gc.ca/english/fssa/meavia/meaviae.shtml, www.inspection.gc.ca/food/fish-and-seafood/imports/documents/fish-import-program-policy/eng/1360859473208/1360859694298, www.international.gc.ca/international/index.aspx, www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/cid-dic.nsf/eng/home, www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/tdo-dcd.nsf/eng/Home, http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/F-27/, www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/label-etiquet/nutrition/index_e.html, https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/reports-publications/natural-health-products.html, www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/label-etiquet/allergen/index-eng.php, www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/consult/2014-format-requirements-exigences-presentation/index-eng.php, www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/gmf-agm/index-eng.php, https://chfa.ca/en/events/tradeshows/index.html. Any person who imports a product or markets it in Canada as an organic product must be able to demonstrate, at all times, that the product meets one of the requirements set out above and must retain the documents attesting that the product is organic. Accessed July 29, 2022. https://www.statista.com/statistics/466174/monthly-import-value-of-fruit-nuts-and-vegetables-in-canada/, StatCan. In, StatCan. In 2018, the United States imported US$23 billion worth of agricultural products from Canada. The Safe Food for Canadians Act was introduced by the Canadian Government in 2012. Canada is heavily dependent on a wide range of consumer-oriented imports of U.S. agricultural products. U.S. exports are projected to remain steady because of growing demand and limited Canadian domestic fresh fruit production. The CFIA may exempt a product from the minimum grade (quality), labelling and/or packaging requirements, where we consider it necessary in order to prevent or alleviate a shortage of product in Canada. The new regulations that will come into force are known as the Safe Food for Canadians Regulations or SFCR. Mexico remains the leading foreign source and year-round supplier of fresh bell peppers, cucumbers, squash, and snap beans and accounts for about 80 percent import volume during 2018-20 for all four commodities. Canadian food manufacturers increasingly incorporate frozen fruits and vegetables in ready-to-serve meals including TV dinners, pizza, and other entres. If you market fresh fruits and vegetables directly to consumers with a total invoice value of less than $230,000 per calendar year, you are exempt from the licensing requirements. Protected culture encompasses a wide range of agricultural technologies ranging from simple row covers to advanced controlled environment agriculture (CEA).

Imported fresh fruit or vegetables intended to be consumed raw and that are treated with sulphites are not permitted for sale in Canada. Major U.S. growers and shippers are members of the Canadian Produce Marketing Association, an important advocate for the industry in Canada on food safety and trade issues and a key promoter of increased fresh fruit consumption among Canadians. During the same period, U.S. greenhouse cucumber production increased 92 percent to 51 million pounds from 27 million. When imported, fruits or vegetables must meet the grades set in: Imported fresh fruit or vegetables must also meet the labelling and packing requirements outlined in the SFCR. More than 80 percent of the Canadian fresh fruit market is supplied through imports, of which the United States typically supplies nearly half. Meanwhile cucumber imports from Canada increased 149 percent (to 162 million pounds from 65 million pounds) in the same period; squash imports increased 355 percent (to 14 million pounds from 3 million pounds); and snap bean imports increased 114 percent (to 3 million pounds from 1 million pounds). Over time, the categorization of vegetables into summer and winter categories has dwindled as near year-round imports of both categories of produce proliferated. Importing Fresh Fruits and Vegetables into Canada, Manufacture, process, treat, preserve, grade, package, or label food to be exported or sent across provincial or territorial borders, Export food that requires an export certificateeven if not preparing the food, Slaughter food animals from which meat products are derived for export or to be sent across provincial or territorial borders, Store and handle a meat product in its imported condition for inspection by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), To find out more, give us a call at (905) 673-8798. ", StatCan, Monthly import value of fruit, nuts and vegetables in Canada from 2014 to 2019 (in million Canadian dollars)* Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/466174/monthly-import-value-of-fruit-nuts-and-vegetables-in-canada/ (last visited July 29, 2022), Monthly import value of fruit, nuts and vegetables in Canada from 2014 to 2019 (in million Canadian dollars)*, Value of food exported from Italy 2021, by area of destination, Leading countries for food exported to Italy 2021, by share of import value, Leading destination countries of food exported from Italy 2021, by value share, Import value of pasta and couscous in Italy 2012-2018, Export value of pasta and couscous in Italy 2012-2018, Import value of stuffed pasta in Italy 2012-2018, Export value of stuffed pasta in Italy 2012-2018, Import value of uncooked pasta without eggs in Italy 2012-2018, Export value of uncooked pasta without eggs in Italy 2012-2018, Import value of uncooked egg pasta in Italy 2012-2018, Export value of uncooked egg pasta in Italy 2012-2018, Italy: imports value of cured meat products 2018, by macro-region, Italy: exports value of cured meat products 2018, by macro-region, Italy: distribution of the imported value of cured meat products 2018, Italy: distribution of the value of exported cured meat products 2018, Italy: leading suppliers of imported cured meat products 2018, Italy: leading destination countries for Italy's exports of cured meat products 2018, Leading suppliers for Italy's imports of meat products 2017-2019, Leading destination countries for Italy's exports of meat products 2017-2019, Value of imports of fish products into Italy 2019, by macro-region, Value of exports of fish products from Italy 2019, by macro-region, Distribution of the value of imported fish products into Italy 2014-2019, Italy: distribution of export value of fish products 2014-2019, by macro-region, Leading suppliers for Italy's imports of fish products 2017-2019, Leading destination countries for Italy's exports of fish products 2017-2019, Italy: value of imported oils and fats 2019, Export value of oils and fats in Italy 2019, Distribution of the value of imported oils and fats 2014-2019, Distribution of the value of the oils and fats exported by Italy 2014-2019, Leading suppliers for Italy's imports of oils and fats 2017-2019, Leading destination countries of exported oils and fats in Italy 2017-2019, Value of convenience food imported into Italy 2019, by macro-region, Value of convenience food exported from Italy 2019, by macro-region, Distribution of the value of convenience food imported into Italy 2014-2019, Distribution of the value of exported convenience food 2014-2019, Leading suppliers of convenience food imported into Italy 2017-2019, Leading destination countries of convenience food exported from Italy 2017-2019, Value of fruit and vegetables products imported into Italy 2019, Value of fruit and vegetables products exported from Italy 2019, by macro-region, Value breakdown of the fruit and vegetables products exported from Italy 2014-2019, Leading suppliers of imported fruit and vegetables products in Italy 2019, Leading destination countries of Italy's exports of fruit and vegetables 2017-2019, Value of Italy's imports of dairy products 2019, by macro-region, Value of exports of dairy products from Italy in 2019, by macro-region, Value of imported dairy products in Italy 2014-2019, by macro-region, Distribution of the value of dairy products exported from Italy 2019, by macro-region, Leading suppliers of Italy's imports of dairy products 2017-2019, Leading destination countries for Italy's exports of dairy products 2017-2019, Monthly export value of fruit, nuts, vegetables and pulses in Canada 2015-2021, Quarterly export price index of fruit, nuts and vegetables in Canada 2014-2021, Quarterly import price index of fruit, nuts and vegetables in Canada 2014-2021, Import value of vegetable, fruit, or nut preparations from the G-7 to Spain 2012-2018, Number of mushroom producers in France 2011-2018, Main import partners of Sweden for dried vegetables 2019, Supermarket unit sales of canned and packet veg and pasta Great Britain 2018, Supermarket value sales of canned and packet veg and pasta Great Britain 2018, Tree nuts import distribution in Hong Kong 2019, by country, Per capita gross availability of vegetables India 2011-2018, Import value of vegetables in Spain 2012-2017, Average price of vegetables in Tunisia 2020-2021, by type, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, Find a brief overview of all Outlooks here, Tools and Tutorials explained in our Media Centre, eat more fruits and vegetables to be healthier, Leading reasons for Canadians wanting to change their eating habits, main ways Canadians are trying to achieve these health goals. Get full access to all features within our Corporate Solutions. If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. By 2020 food sales are forecasted to grow by 3.9%. There is an exemption to both, however. Based on current market trends, the sectors below are considered the best prospects for U.S. exports of food and agricultural products to Canada. Over the past several decades, U.S. growers of fresh field-grown warm-season vegetables have been challenged by import competition. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. The food service industry is projected to grow four percent in 2019 and is forecast to surpass US$75 billion by the year 2021. U.S. sales are expected to remain robust, especially for strawberries, other berries, grapes, oranges, and apples, with the organic market continuing to be increasingly popular among consumers. U.S. consumers have pushed for greater consistency in supermarket produce and expanded demand for year-round availability of virtually all fresh vegetables. facts. In particular, beef demand in Canada continues to remain strong even as prices have increased in recent years indicating that Canadian consumer purchasing trends may be less strongly correlated to pricing in the current market. The specific import requirements for importing FFV can be found in the Automated Import Reference System (AIRS). Currently, you are using a shared account.

To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set Imported apples, onions and potatoes require an inspection certificate indicating minimum Canadian import requirements for quality, labelling, and packaging are met. The best opportunity for export growth of U.S. agricultural products is in sales to the food service industry, consisting of restaurants, hotels, and institutions as well as grocery stores/supermarkets. rtY[=sD_`x`U\OVbfDZODLr?MF,6Y[d`q*VO^res3+SKE8*P)R[1VMW_y-RDW@a p8g`2p"QlZ?9_/no[6lJHz!L+_`|GXtoq0{C!7#Y%VykD -i;.GA #ghBtRIyk?LU0}H=JLf~hS?/ W[KD;7]zcYn>N)N]`R;Qj%E#Yw0U. Some of the top consumer-oriented export categories include prepared foods, fresh and processed vegetables, fresh and processed fruit, meat and meat products, snack foods, non-alcoholic beverages, chocolate and cocoa products, condiments and sauces, coffee, wine, beer, and pet food. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Are you interested in testing our corporate solutions? However, Canadian importers and buyers continue to seek innovative products offering health benefits to their customers. Per capita, Canada has one of the highest consumption rates of fresh vegetables in the world. Additional fees may be levied by the Government of Canada for these services. Sulphites are sulphur-based substances that may be used by suppliers of fresh fruit and vegetables as preservatives to prevent product spoilage and discoloration during storage and transport. As shown in the tables below, fresh fruit, processed fruit and vegetables, red meats (including processed meats), and fresh vegetables are key sectors for the Canadian food landscape, and more than half are imported from the United States. "Monthly Import Value of Fruit, Nuts and Vegetables in Canada from 2014 to 2019 (in Million Canadian Dollars)*. (July 16, 2019). In 2018, the total market size increased by 7 percent compared to 2017, which is attributed to the increasing shift away from more heavily processed towards products with little processing. This sector falls into three categories: Hotels and Resorts, Restaurants, and Institutional. Market window creep is an extension of seasonal demand and refers to the increasing volume of fresh vegetable imports entering during the start or end of the traditional domestic production seasons. There are some permitted exceptions to requiring a DRC membership: Note that the above exceptions to the DRC membership requirement are not exceptions to the requirement to hold a license to import under the Safe Food for Canadians Regulations (SFCR). From 2008 to 2020, imports entered the market earlier than usual (entering the traditional domestic market window), and shipping seasons were extended into the following season. Canada is a major producer and exporter of red meat, but also an important destination for U.S. exports of fresh/chilled/frozen red meat. Imported organic FFV may be certified to the Canadian Organic Standard by a CFIA accredited Certification Body or be certified in accordance with an equivalency arrangement established between Canada and the exporting country. Major exceptions are the supply managed sectors, including dairy, chicken, turkey, and eggs. Bell pepper imports increased 141 percent to 881 million pounds in 2019 from 366 million pounds, and cucumber imports rose 175 percent to 386 million pounds from 141 million pounds. Restaurants are the most significant of the three, generating 80 percent of food service sales and 4 percent of Canadas GDP. As some fruits and vegetables may contain pests that could be harmful to the Canadian environment, produce is regulated by specific measures based on its geographical origin and destination. Official websites use .gov Canada: Total Agricultural Sector Production Data, Consumer-oriented food products in Retail and Food Service. Typically, Canada exports large numbers of live animals and significant amounts of meat to the United States and imports a wide variety of meat products. Some products are associated with elevated food safety risks and have specific import requirements to minimize potential hazards. Show publisher information

In order to ensure that you will also meet the general import requirements for importing food and the preparation of your preventive control plan, please refer to the Importing food: a step by step guide and A guide for preparing a preventive control planFor importers. Consumer demand is growing for convenient products, and this factor will continue to drive the development of a wide range of ready-to-cook and -eat fruit and vegetable products that benefit U.S. sales. Similarly, 1 U.S. dollar traded for 1.34 Canadian dollars in 2020 and 1.03 Canadian dollars in 2010, a 30-percent increase. Do I Need A Customs Broker When Importing? Over time, U.S. consumer demand has grown for products that command a price premium, such as organic vegetables and greenhouse tomatoes, peppers, and cucumbers. Division 15 of the Food and Drug Regulations states that the pesticide residues found on fruits and vegetables should not exceed established maximum residue limits (MRL). The USITC submits a report at the end of each investigation. Demand for U.S. vegetables is supported by the short Canadian domestic growing season in the countrys northern climate. Given persistent decades-long trends, import gains as a portion of total supply are expected to continue within the fresh vegetable industry.

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Bell pepper import volume increased by 742 percent to 127 million pounds in the summers of 201820 from 15 million pounds in the summers of 200810. How Other Government Departments Affect Imports, Shipping To Canada | Tips For Avoiding Delays With Canada Customs Clearance, Ensure your produce is eligible for admission into Canada, Import and Interprovincial Requirements for Fresh Fruit and Vegetables, National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) of the exporting country, You will be acting as the Importer of Record. Most U.S. agricultural products have entered Canada duty-free since 1989 under NAFTA (and the preceding U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement). To find the specific grade standards that apply to produce imports visit the. You can find the DRC Membership info here. *TfX}|e-K_z1Dvu9~GP7 fQu[,cU>a Import penetration in volume and in the import share of availability (see chart below) in the United States for all four commodity markets continue to trend up each decade, while domestic production trends for the same four commodities are declining. Meanwhile, cucumber imports increased 156 percent to 223 million pounds from 87 million pounds over the same period; squash imports increased 105 percent to 69 million pounds from 34 million pounds; and snap bean import volume increased by 204 percent to 15 million pounds from 5 million pounds. $39 per month* Market window creep, liberalized trade agreements, comparatively lower foreign exchange rates, and increased per capita consumption have all combined to fuel annual increases in fresh vegetable import volume. Orbit Brokers will be monitoring these changes to ensure a smooth transition to the new regulations. Market window creep is also apparent in the import volumes of fresh vegetables from Canada. All relevant Canadian legislation would also continue to apply for the imported product. Under SFCR, food businesses will be required to obtain a license if they conduct any of the following activities; Licensing will help CFIA better identify food safety risks in order to target inspections, better communicate important food safety information to businesses, and take enforcement actions when regulatory requirements are not met. There continues to be opportunities in the retail sector but due to the consolidation of the industry in Canada, market entry can at times be challenging. A cross-section view of four selected vegetables illustrates the challenges faced by the entire U.S. fresh vegetable industry from an increase in imports. An official website of the United States government. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS The census data also provides a sub-classification of hydroponic protected culture operations whereas trade data uses the term greenhouse without any other sub-classification specifications. Food service imports of consumer-oriented products are also an important channel. The importation of Mexican fresh coriander (cilantro) is allowed if the growers/packers have been recognized by the Mexican government under the System for the Reduction of Contamination Risks (SRRC) and have a valid certification.

Pacific Customs Brokers Ltd. All Rights Reserved. The Safe Food for Canadians Act (SFCA) aims to strengthen the existing food system by focusing on prevention and allowing for faster removal of unsafe food from the marketplace. The demand for processed fruit and vegetables is expected to remain strong in 2019 with two percent growth projected. This document outlines requirements specific to importing Fresh Fruit or Vegetables (FFV). The climate in Canada limits expansion of fruit and vegetable production, although the greenhouse industry is expanding. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. In 2020, Mexico accounted for 77 percent of U.S. fresh vegetable import volume, and Canada represented 11 percent (see chart below). Over the past 2 decades, the volume of fresh vegetables imported by the United States, primarily from Mexico and Canada, rose nearly 200 percent. This does not apply to nuts, wild fruits and wild vegetables. AIRS information is updated frequently so prior to importing you should verify AIRS to ensure that the import requirements have not changed. The importation of leafy greens from California is limited to those handled by a signatory handler of the California Leafy Green Products Handler Marketing Agreement. Processed fruit and vegetables are sold in a wide range of product formats such as mixed frozen vegetables, ready-to-heat, stir fry, and French fries.

Total Starbucks locations globally 2003-2021, U.S. beer market: leading domestic beer brands 2017, based on sales, Revenue and financial key figures of Coca-Cola 2009-2021, Research lead covering Non-food CG & Retail, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. Comparing 3-year average import volumes for bell peppers from Mexico provides an illustration of market window creep in the summer months (see chart below). Trade data shows that over time, this resulted in increased bilateral trade with the United States and vaulted Peru and Guatemala into the top five foreign sources of fresh vegetables. Annual increases in fresh vegetable import volume have also been influenced by trade agreements. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Trade with Canada is facilitated by proximity, common culture, language, similar lifestyle pursuits, and the ease of travel for business and pleasure. Greenhouse technology is a form of protected culture which itself ranges from large plastic hoop-houses to computer-controlled hydroponic systems. Summer is historically the primary market window for U.S. producers; however, fresh vegetable import volumes from Mexico during the summer months have shown substantial increases in the past 15 years. An analysis of domestic census and trade data shows Mexican and Canadian producers have dominated the U.S. import market by offering protected cultureor greenhouseimports as well as organic options, which increased choices for consumers. Corporate solution including all features. The 1998 Census of Horticulture was the last to use the term greenhouse. With the 2009 census, the term was transitioned to protected culture and has continued with the 2014 and 2019 censuses. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. }r*0O")&@*'NNj_lTC6H0 (Zatj_c_odg @JJrl[29g}s/{eQtj^/Ztmv>m,0U_ z7zyjxU xYj-x;'XGtNR>:[|aYm!gf_cpny2.}98}UmH=gG>"g:S)G"B0tH)(O#&.J6;!k Y@[; d_'U.G%#w vf)smt'EB]e'!t:!Oh?! According to the 2019 Census of Horticulture, U.S. greenhouse bell pepper production increased 508 percent since the 2009 census, rising from 2 million pounds to 11 million pounds in the span of a decade. The aim is to reduce administrative burden on businesses by replacing 14 sets of regulations with 1. c]l]fT^[G{ sQUQ3w?& The labelling and packaging regulations of produce imported into Canada includes labelling your products in both english and french, listing the common name for the produce, and the packaging is predetermined. The cucumber and squash reports are scheduled to be delivered in December 2021. Wild raspberries and wild blackberries from Guatemala are prohibited year round. Availabilitythe annual quantity of a vegetable offered for domestic consumptionis the sum of domestic production plus imports, less U.S. export volume. What Specific Grade Standards Apply To Produce Imports? Restaurants Canada, an association representing the restaurant and food service industry, reported the industry grew by 4.9 percent in 2018 with total sales for the year of US$65 billion in food sales and an additional $18 billion in alcohol sales, a total of $83 billion. Includes a market overview and trade data. July 16, 2019. Food Labelling and Advertising Industry Labelling Tool, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, Proposed Changes to Format Requirement on Nutrition, Canadian Health Food Association and Show, Canadian Produce Marketing Association and Convention Show. While conventional and field-grown fresh vegetables still account for most imports, organic and greenhouse vegetables are expanding market reach. Although this article focuses on specific fresh vegetable markets, import competition is an issue for the entire U.S. fresh vegetable industry. Under certain circumstances, regulatory requirements may be exempted and the import of non-compliant product may be permitted. Certain imported fruits or vegetables could have additional requirements from other Canadian regulations such as Plant Protection Act and Regulations, where a phytosanitary certification or an import permit may be required. Many traditional domestic market windows have eroded as importers have found their own market windows expanding, according to trade data. In addition to a licence to import, importers of FFV must also hold membership with the Fruit and Vegetable Dispute Resolution Corporation (DRC). U.S. exports of fresh vegetables are nonetheless increasing despite a reduction in market share as Canadian demand remains strong. 'mL, ye+/Ws sk52thl#F JcL1$xkHIFpFYA The importation of leafy greens from Arizona is limited to those handled by shippers that are certified members of the Arizona Leafy Greens Marketing Agreement. It is clear that moving forward, CFIA will be taking a more active role in preventing and assessing threats to food safety at all points of the supply chain.