(2016) pointed out that the visibility of attractive foods, or viewing pictures of desirable food, increases our visual hunger. Br. (2018) found that longer viewing was associated with a higher likelihood of a positive evaluation in the self-paced exclusive evaluation (i.e., purchase intention No or Yes), but not in the self-paced non-exclusive evaluation (i.e., a Likert scale using 15 to indicate the attitude from dislike to like). There were three sets of trials, and each set contained 27 trials, which included different food packaging. 110, 5363. A brief demonstration of experiment procedure. (2003) proposed a dual-contribution model in which cognitive assessment systems and orienting behavior structures simultaneously influence peoples preferential decision-making behavior, through facial attractiveness decision experiments. Appetite 76, 6675. personel 
Each packaging picture contains elements such as the trademark, food name, a picture or transparent window, certification mark, and food net content. For nuts and instant cereals, both the transparent stimuli (ps < 0.027) and graphic stimuli (ps < 0.010) were rated as more attractive than the baseline stimuli, while there were no differences between the transparent and graphic conditions (ps > 0.155). For nuts, most are shelled, and the difference between the actual food inside the packaging and the food image is slight. 36. eds. Detailed eye movement measures and the results of paired comparisons are presented in Table 1. Mak. Third, whether the crown in baseline packaging played as a novel stimulus in a way for some participants was not clear, which should be a more concern in future researches. PS starts to flow at about 100C and will cool quickly.
Appetite 156:104859. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104859, Maughan, L., Gutnikov, S., and Stevens, R. (2007). All these forms use the same PET recycling symbol. Front. According to this hypothesis, the transparent packaging makes the food inside more conspicuous, which increases food consumption. C. Velasco and C. Spence (Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave MacMillan), 4977. The shorter the time to the first fixation was, the more the salience effect was apparent for the observed area of interest. In the review, there were 33% studies with sample size less than 60 participants and the smallest sample size was only 10 participants (Bialkova and van Trijp, 2011). doi: 10.1080/09593969.2013.792743, Wedel, M., and Pieters, R. (2007). visipak By involving personal expectations, their gaze behaviors were not only affected by the stimulus physical characteristics (bottom-up) but also by the participants subjective expectations (top-down). doi: 10.1093/aepp/ppy022, Vilnai-Yavetz, I., and Koren, R. (2013). reyma container foam containers service packaging hinged comp usa Based on the following two important characteristics of the salience effect hypothesis (Deng and Srinivasan, 2013): (1) Salient food packaging elements can effectively attract the attention of consumers; (2) Attention attracted by salient elements will improve consumers willingness to purchase, two hypotheses were proposed: H1: Transparent, rather than graphic, packaging can attract more attention (i.e., longer total time, larger number of fixations, and shorter time to first fixation of the transparent window) than packaging in the baseline condition. Appl. 41, 14951517. Each food was packaged in three different ways: transparent window packaging (transparent), graphic window packaging (graphic), and baseline window packaging (baseline). Three off-line supermarkets (Vanguard, Wal-Mart, Yonghui) were visited to survey the transparent materials used to package food products. 6, 13171322. They found that the salience effect was most apparent when small and visually attractive foods were presented with transparent packaging. For nuts and instant cereals, none of the correlations between fixation patterns and willingness to purchase were statistically significant. *Correspondence: Guojie Ma, magj@snnu.edu.cn; Xiangling Zhuang, zhuangxl@snnu.edu.cn, View all XM conducted the data collection and analyses for the study. Mark. It features an excellentprintable surface, high impact strength, great optics and is scratch resistant. Consumers also preferred to buy the product with a photo rather than a message text on the packaging. 63, 1827. Impact of package elements on consumers purchase decision. Simmonds et al. This model provides a plausible explanation for the mechanism underlying the transparent window salience effect. Polystyrene can come in a solid form but can also come in a foam-like format. We also selected two most commonly used eye movement measures: total time (TT; i.e., the sum of the duration across all fixations that fall in the current interest area) and number of fixations (NF; i.e., total number of fixations falling in the interest area) to reveal the total attention interest in the corresponding region (Wedel and Pieters, 2007; Holmqvist et al., 2011). However, the relationship between viewing time and preference formation may depend on experimental tasks. Previous studies emphasized the salience effect of transparent packaging but ignored the effects of graphic packaging, which may be related to experimental materials. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.11.021, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Bialkova, S., Grunert, K. G., and van Trijp, H. (2020). The present study has several limitations. (2018b) also inspected instant cereals. - doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.06.003, Peschel, A. O., Orquin, J. L., and Mueller Loose, S. (2019). Behav., 200, 96103. Only one food for each food category was used in their study, and the baseline was a blank condition. In order to reduce the visual differences of the three versions of packaging, we matched the position and size of food trademarks and windows, which were also based on actual products in supermarkets to increase ecological validity. This may be one of the reasons that diminished the advantages of transparent packaging in this study. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.04.020, Hawkes, C. (2010). Relative visual saliency differences induce sizable bias in consumer choice. 6:633. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00633. 30cm 22cm metalized 100pcs semi packaging transparent grade bag rm48 rm30 Time to first fixation did not show significant main effects for nuts, F(2, 42) = 0.40, p = 0.675, and instant cereals, F(2, 42) = 1.29, p = 0.286. However, according to previous studies (Deng and Srinivasan, 2013; Vilnai-Yavetz and Koren, 2013), if product category regulated salience effects, the eye movement measures would show different results for different product categories. packaging compostable vegetable pla bags bag stand zipper pouch biodegradable plastic biopacktech However, such effects were modulated by food size and appearance. Int. Moreover, Riley et al. The use of transparent and graphic packaging in different food categories. However, the results of the current study suggest that packaging attractiveness appears to work at a more general level. Foods 7: 151. doi: 10.3390/foods7090151, Simmonds, G., Woods, A. T., and Spence, C. (2018b). All of the materials used at Clearpak conform to the latest and most stringent CONEG/ TPCH regulations for heavy metals and toxins. Packaging with transparent elements shows consumers the most authentic appearance of the food inside the packaging (Fernqvist et al., 2015). PET has a highly printable surface and it offers high impact strength.It is currently the most common plastic in production. After successful calibration, participants finished three practice trials to familiarize the experimental procedure. All rights reserved. All Rights Reserved. Finally, in reality, transparent packaging not only allows the real food to be seen through a clear window but also allows consumers to get a full view of the food by shaking the package. Finally, 81 food images were created as stimuli in the formal experiment (see Figure 2 for an illustration of experimental stimuli). For preserved fruits, time to first fixations was shorter in transparent packaging than other conditions. Like more, look more. The impact of packaging design on health product perceptions (pp. 15 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.593690, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, China. Received: 12 August 2020; Accepted: 12 October 2020; Published: 12 November 2020. In simulated shopping situations, the food product fixated on most had the highest probability of being chosen (Bialkova et al., 2014). The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. |
These differences may contribute to the different conclusion they arrived at, where the salience effect only applied to transparent conditions.
In order to systematically explore the relationship between packaging transparency and purchase intention, Simmonds et al. Simmonds, G., Woods, A. T., and Spence, C. (2018a). | Affiliate, Product Listing Policy Therefore, perceived aesthetics and symbolism also modulate the salience effect of packaging transparency. Experimental data were collected and processed by the Experiment Builder and Data Viewer software. Seeing is not necessarily liking: advancing research on package design with eye-tracking. However, there were no significant differences between the transparent and graphic conditions in the other two kinds of foods. 3. | quality1 However, using the eye-tracking approach is necessary to definitively ascertain if packaging with transparent elements really captures consumer attention. Each packaging image occupied about 24 cm vertically and 20 cm horizontally on the screen. This study was supported by grants from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (GK202003094 to GM). Shimojo et al. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2006.04.019, Simmonds, G., and Spence, C. (2017). For nuts, the number of fixations in the transparent condition was significantly more than the graphic condition (p = 0.024). Thus, these three categories were selected to create the experimental materials.
Figure 1. Res. Manag. Front. Neurosci. Behav. Econ. Early interactions between orienting, visual sampling and decision making in facial preference. Deng and Srinivasan (2013) used foods like candies and cookies as experimental materials and examined the effects of food size, appearance, and packaging transparency on food consumption. J. When asked again, the participant rated their hunger and desire to eat as less than 4 after eating the snacks. 28, 328338. Moreover, Simmonds et al. packaging bags boohoo mailing mail bateson printed transparent smith internet order The product with the transparent cover had 30% lower sales than the product with opaque products. However, transparent packaging does not necessarily trigger positive feelings. Psychol. Food manufacturers should pay attention to sensory studies to improve packaging design considering food categories. H2: The eye movement measures reflecting salience effects are related to a willingness to purchase. For nuts, the main effect of package type was significant, F(2, 42) = 3.95, p = 0.027. Therefore, the gaze may not necessarily lead to more liking but contribute to the evaluative processing by integrating extra information. In the case of vegetables or vegetable meals, transparent packaging appears to have little superiority over opaque packaging in terms of food choice. 75, 1522. It is deemed to be recyclable with good property retention and can be painted.Flocked Styrene is a styrene with a velour finish. Using combined eye tracking and word association in order to assess novel packaging solutions: a case study involving jam jars. Evaluative processing of food images: longer viewing for indecisive preference formation. Food Qual. Moreover, our online survey based on a large e-commerce platform in China showed that nut products, preserved fruits, and instant cereals were the three most popular foods for sale. (2011). Psychol. Res.
It is used in jewelry boxes and provides an upscale look and luxurious feel.
Simmonds, G., and Spence, C. (2019). To avoid the influence of food trademarks on the subjects, all foods were named with a nonexistent brand that the subjects had never seen before (Simmonds et al., 2018b). The hand grasps the center, while the eyes saccade to the top of novel objects. Front. Food packaging not only protects food and extends the shelf life of food products, but also conveys the information like product attributes, price, and promotional messages (Hawkes, 2010). Mark. Future studies should use more ecological tasks as that in real-life shopping. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.02.003, Spence, C., Okajima, K., Cheok, A. D., Petit, O., and Michel, C. (2016). | The materials used in the present study consist of nine types of food for each food category, which can provide higher ecological and statistical validity. acrylic sheets interested transparent chemical fordesigner material crystal containers recipientes cristal transparente qu produits riau chimiques contenants mat It maintains strength in high-impact applications and is easily molded. In general, transparent window packaging and graphic window packaging capture consumers attention better, resulting in longer total time and a larger number of fixations than the baseline condition. Though the main effects of package type for the preserved fruits and instant cereals were insignificant, descriptive statistics showed that the participants were more willing to buy the products with graphic or transparent windows. There was no significant difference between the transparent and graphic conditions, ps > 0.223. Evidence from a choice experiment involving eye-tracking. The editor and reviewer's affiliations are the latest provided on their Loop research profiles and may not reflect their situation at the time of review. - (2012). However, the latter function is lost in the transparent packing images when viewed on a screen. cartons visipak Riley, D., Martins da Silva, P., and Behr, S. (2015). Of the 170 food brands surveyed, 70.6% of them used bag packaging, 17.1% packaged their products in cans, and 12.3% of them used boxes. V Vinyl is common slang for PVC. The evaluation tasks showed that consumers had more interest in buying products with opaque packaging. These questions have been partially answered by several previous studies. boxes moving supplies For instance, Piqueras-Fiszman et al. packaging transparent bag 100pcs metalized 22cm 30cm semi grade rm30 rm48 Chandran, S., Batra, R. K., and Lawrence, B. How does it influence consumers purchase behavior? Therefore, transparent window packaging and graphic window packaging can efficiently capture consumers attention and increase product attractiveness. These results were inconsistent with H2. Because of these properties it also lends itself very well to injection moulding. That means consumers may have different gaze patterns for different products. RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Japan. Using the eye-tracking approach, we expect the present study to provide insights on the role of transparent packaging and thus contribute to knowledge of food packaging design. However, the attractiveness of food packaging most significantly promotes consumers willingness to purchase the product. Spearmans correlation coefficient was used to test the correlation between the eye movement indexes and behavior indexes with SPSS 22.0. Intellectual Property Protection | Showroom Correlations between eye movements and perceptual measures in different packaging types under each food category were analyzed though the Spearmans correlation (see Table 3). None of the stimuli used in the practice sessions appeared in the formal experiment. Public Health Nutr. Therefore, it is unclear whether more viewing time on transparent packaging leads to higher purchase intention. PP features good stiffness, tensile strength, an excellent moisture barrier, superior optics and an outstanding live hinge. The researchers asked the participants to purchase mixed boiled vegetable meals with either an opaque wrapper showing a picture of the food, or a transparent plastic cover revealing the food inside. Both transparent and attractively graphic window packaging capture more attention compared to the baseline window packaging, but a transparent window does not always gain more benefit than an attractive image. Increasing consumers attention capture and food choice through bottom-up effects. Gaze bias both reflects and influences preference. - This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.09.015, Piqueras-Fiszman, B., Velasco, C., Salgado-Montejo, A., and Spence, C. (2013). (2018b) asked participants to sort different packaging types presented at the same time according to participants judgments. Future research could explore the salience effect in food packaging across varied age groups and different cultures.
Each packaging picture contains elements such as the trademark, food name, a picture or transparent window, certification mark, and food net content. For nuts and instant cereals, both the transparent stimuli (ps < 0.027) and graphic stimuli (ps < 0.010) were rated as more attractive than the baseline stimuli, while there were no differences between the transparent and graphic conditions (ps > 0.155). For nuts, most are shelled, and the difference between the actual food inside the packaging and the food image is slight. 36. eds. Detailed eye movement measures and the results of paired comparisons are presented in Table 1. Mak. Third, whether the crown in baseline packaging played as a novel stimulus in a way for some participants was not clear, which should be a more concern in future researches. PS starts to flow at about 100C and will cool quickly. Appetite 156:104859. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104859, Maughan, L., Gutnikov, S., and Stevens, R. (2007). All these forms use the same PET recycling symbol. Front. According to this hypothesis, the transparent packaging makes the food inside more conspicuous, which increases food consumption. C. Velasco and C. Spence (Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave MacMillan), 4977. The shorter the time to the first fixation was, the more the salience effect was apparent for the observed area of interest. In the review, there were 33% studies with sample size less than 60 participants and the smallest sample size was only 10 participants (Bialkova and van Trijp, 2011). doi: 10.1080/09593969.2013.792743, Wedel, M., and Pieters, R. (2007). visipak By involving personal expectations, their gaze behaviors were not only affected by the stimulus physical characteristics (bottom-up) but also by the participants subjective expectations (top-down). doi: 10.1093/aepp/ppy022, Vilnai-Yavetz, I., and Koren, R. (2013). reyma container foam containers service packaging hinged comp usa Based on the following two important characteristics of the salience effect hypothesis (Deng and Srinivasan, 2013): (1) Salient food packaging elements can effectively attract the attention of consumers; (2) Attention attracted by salient elements will improve consumers willingness to purchase, two hypotheses were proposed: H1: Transparent, rather than graphic, packaging can attract more attention (i.e., longer total time, larger number of fixations, and shorter time to first fixation of the transparent window) than packaging in the baseline condition. Appl. 41, 14951517. Each food was packaged in three different ways: transparent window packaging (transparent), graphic window packaging (graphic), and baseline window packaging (baseline). Three off-line supermarkets (Vanguard, Wal-Mart, Yonghui) were visited to survey the transparent materials used to package food products. 6, 13171322. They found that the salience effect was most apparent when small and visually attractive foods were presented with transparent packaging. For nuts and instant cereals, none of the correlations between fixation patterns and willingness to purchase were statistically significant. *Correspondence: Guojie Ma, magj@snnu.edu.cn; Xiangling Zhuang, zhuangxl@snnu.edu.cn, View all XM conducted the data collection and analyses for the study. Mark. It features an excellentprintable surface, high impact strength, great optics and is scratch resistant. Consumers also preferred to buy the product with a photo rather than a message text on the packaging. 63, 1827. Impact of package elements on consumers purchase decision. Simmonds et al. This model provides a plausible explanation for the mechanism underlying the transparent window salience effect. Polystyrene can come in a solid form but can also come in a foam-like format. We also selected two most commonly used eye movement measures: total time (TT; i.e., the sum of the duration across all fixations that fall in the current interest area) and number of fixations (NF; i.e., total number of fixations falling in the interest area) to reveal the total attention interest in the corresponding region (Wedel and Pieters, 2007; Holmqvist et al., 2011). However, the relationship between viewing time and preference formation may depend on experimental tasks. Previous studies emphasized the salience effect of transparent packaging but ignored the effects of graphic packaging, which may be related to experimental materials. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.11.021, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Bialkova, S., Grunert, K. G., and van Trijp, H. (2020). The present study has several limitations. (2018b) also inspected instant cereals. - doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.06.003, Peschel, A. O., Orquin, J. L., and Mueller Loose, S. (2019). Behav., 200, 96103. Only one food for each food category was used in their study, and the baseline was a blank condition. In order to reduce the visual differences of the three versions of packaging, we matched the position and size of food trademarks and windows, which were also based on actual products in supermarkets to increase ecological validity. This may be one of the reasons that diminished the advantages of transparent packaging in this study. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.04.020, Hawkes, C. (2010). Relative visual saliency differences induce sizable bias in consumer choice. 6:633. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00633. 30cm 22cm metalized 100pcs semi packaging transparent grade bag rm48 rm30 Time to first fixation did not show significant main effects for nuts, F(2, 42) = 0.40, p = 0.675, and instant cereals, F(2, 42) = 1.29, p = 0.286. However, according to previous studies (Deng and Srinivasan, 2013; Vilnai-Yavetz and Koren, 2013), if product category regulated salience effects, the eye movement measures would show different results for different product categories. packaging compostable vegetable pla bags bag stand zipper pouch biodegradable plastic biopacktech However, such effects were modulated by food size and appearance. Int. Moreover, Riley et al. The use of transparent and graphic packaging in different food categories. However, the results of the current study suggest that packaging attractiveness appears to work at a more general level. Foods 7: 151. doi: 10.3390/foods7090151, Simmonds, G., Woods, A. T., and Spence, C. (2018b). All of the materials used at Clearpak conform to the latest and most stringent CONEG/ TPCH regulations for heavy metals and toxins. Packaging with transparent elements shows consumers the most authentic appearance of the food inside the packaging (Fernqvist et al., 2015). PET has a highly printable surface and it offers high impact strength.It is currently the most common plastic in production. After successful calibration, participants finished three practice trials to familiarize the experimental procedure. All rights reserved. All Rights Reserved. Finally, in reality, transparent packaging not only allows the real food to be seen through a clear window but also allows consumers to get a full view of the food by shaking the package. Finally, 81 food images were created as stimuli in the formal experiment (see Figure 2 for an illustration of experimental stimuli). For preserved fruits, time to first fixations was shorter in transparent packaging than other conditions. Like more, look more. The impact of packaging design on health product perceptions (pp. 15 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.593690, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, China. Received: 12 August 2020; Accepted: 12 October 2020; Published: 12 November 2020. In simulated shopping situations, the food product fixated on most had the highest probability of being chosen (Bialkova et al., 2014). The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. |
These differences may contribute to the different conclusion they arrived at, where the salience effect only applied to transparent conditions.
In order to systematically explore the relationship between packaging transparency and purchase intention, Simmonds et al. Simmonds, G., Woods, A. T., and Spence, C. (2018a). | Affiliate, Product Listing Policy Therefore, perceived aesthetics and symbolism also modulate the salience effect of packaging transparency. Experimental data were collected and processed by the Experiment Builder and Data Viewer software. Seeing is not necessarily liking: advancing research on package design with eye-tracking. However, there were no significant differences between the transparent and graphic conditions in the other two kinds of foods. 3. | quality1 However, using the eye-tracking approach is necessary to definitively ascertain if packaging with transparent elements really captures consumer attention. Each packaging image occupied about 24 cm vertically and 20 cm horizontally on the screen. This study was supported by grants from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (GK202003094 to GM). Shimojo et al. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2006.04.019, Simmonds, G., and Spence, C. (2017). For nuts, the number of fixations in the transparent condition was significantly more than the graphic condition (p = 0.024). Thus, these three categories were selected to create the experimental materials.
Figure 1. Res. Manag. Front. Neurosci. Behav. Econ. Early interactions between orienting, visual sampling and decision making in facial preference. Deng and Srinivasan (2013) used foods like candies and cookies as experimental materials and examined the effects of food size, appearance, and packaging transparency on food consumption. J. When asked again, the participant rated their hunger and desire to eat as less than 4 after eating the snacks. 28, 328338. Moreover, Simmonds et al. packaging bags boohoo mailing mail bateson printed transparent smith internet order The product with the transparent cover had 30% lower sales than the product with opaque products. However, transparent packaging does not necessarily trigger positive feelings. Psychol. Food manufacturers should pay attention to sensory studies to improve packaging design considering food categories. H2: The eye movement measures reflecting salience effects are related to a willingness to purchase. For nuts, the main effect of package type was significant, F(2, 42) = 3.95, p = 0.027. Therefore, the gaze may not necessarily lead to more liking but contribute to the evaluative processing by integrating extra information. In the case of vegetables or vegetable meals, transparent packaging appears to have little superiority over opaque packaging in terms of food choice. 75, 1522. It is deemed to be recyclable with good property retention and can be painted.Flocked Styrene is a styrene with a velour finish. Using combined eye tracking and word association in order to assess novel packaging solutions: a case study involving jam jars. Evaluative processing of food images: longer viewing for indecisive preference formation. Food Qual. Moreover, our online survey based on a large e-commerce platform in China showed that nut products, preserved fruits, and instant cereals were the three most popular foods for sale. (2011). Psychol. Res.
It is used in jewelry boxes and provides an upscale look and luxurious feel.
Simmonds, G., and Spence, C. (2019). To avoid the influence of food trademarks on the subjects, all foods were named with a nonexistent brand that the subjects had never seen before (Simmonds et al., 2018b). The hand grasps the center, while the eyes saccade to the top of novel objects. Front. Food packaging not only protects food and extends the shelf life of food products, but also conveys the information like product attributes, price, and promotional messages (Hawkes, 2010). Mark. Future studies should use more ecological tasks as that in real-life shopping. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.02.003, Spence, C., Okajima, K., Cheok, A. D., Petit, O., and Michel, C. (2016). | The materials used in the present study consist of nine types of food for each food category, which can provide higher ecological and statistical validity. acrylic sheets interested transparent chemical fordesigner material crystal containers recipientes cristal transparente qu produits riau chimiques contenants mat It maintains strength in high-impact applications and is easily molded. In general, transparent window packaging and graphic window packaging capture consumers attention better, resulting in longer total time and a larger number of fixations than the baseline condition. Though the main effects of package type for the preserved fruits and instant cereals were insignificant, descriptive statistics showed that the participants were more willing to buy the products with graphic or transparent windows. There was no significant difference between the transparent and graphic conditions, ps > 0.223. Evidence from a choice experiment involving eye-tracking. The editor and reviewer's affiliations are the latest provided on their Loop research profiles and may not reflect their situation at the time of review. - (2012). However, the latter function is lost in the transparent packing images when viewed on a screen. cartons visipak Riley, D., Martins da Silva, P., and Behr, S. (2015). Of the 170 food brands surveyed, 70.6% of them used bag packaging, 17.1% packaged their products in cans, and 12.3% of them used boxes. V Vinyl is common slang for PVC. The evaluation tasks showed that consumers had more interest in buying products with opaque packaging. These questions have been partially answered by several previous studies. boxes moving supplies For instance, Piqueras-Fiszman et al. packaging transparent bag 100pcs metalized 22cm 30cm semi grade rm30 rm48 Chandran, S., Batra, R. K., and Lawrence, B. How does it influence consumers purchase behavior? Therefore, transparent window packaging and graphic window packaging can efficiently capture consumers attention and increase product attractiveness. These results were inconsistent with H2. Because of these properties it also lends itself very well to injection moulding. That means consumers may have different gaze patterns for different products. RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Japan. Using the eye-tracking approach, we expect the present study to provide insights on the role of transparent packaging and thus contribute to knowledge of food packaging design. However, the attractiveness of food packaging most significantly promotes consumers willingness to purchase the product. Spearmans correlation coefficient was used to test the correlation between the eye movement indexes and behavior indexes with SPSS 22.0. Intellectual Property Protection | Showroom Correlations between eye movements and perceptual measures in different packaging types under each food category were analyzed though the Spearmans correlation (see Table 3). None of the stimuli used in the practice sessions appeared in the formal experiment. Public Health Nutr. Therefore, it is unclear whether more viewing time on transparent packaging leads to higher purchase intention. PP features good stiffness, tensile strength, an excellent moisture barrier, superior optics and an outstanding live hinge. The researchers asked the participants to purchase mixed boiled vegetable meals with either an opaque wrapper showing a picture of the food, or a transparent plastic cover revealing the food inside. Both transparent and attractively graphic window packaging capture more attention compared to the baseline window packaging, but a transparent window does not always gain more benefit than an attractive image. Increasing consumers attention capture and food choice through bottom-up effects. Gaze bias both reflects and influences preference. - This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.09.015, Piqueras-Fiszman, B., Velasco, C., Salgado-Montejo, A., and Spence, C. (2013). (2018b) asked participants to sort different packaging types presented at the same time according to participants judgments. Future research could explore the salience effect in food packaging across varied age groups and different cultures.
