of time, place and currencyan English buyer can get a Japanese mortgage,
Kapstein, Ethan B. "The Problem
Nations participate in global
of the world. of the state" (See Robert Cox (1987). Thus, a more nuanced picture would show
political unit is either sovereign or it is not. are to be stable, and if societies are to be significantly free of conflict"
steadily decreasing freedom of action and ever closer ties to each other. is still more national than international. 
It produces concentrations
0000002412 00000 n
market value system. its highest during periods when a given society was undergoing a great change
1991. which, to some degree, protected workers in the industrial countries from the
markets " approve" of their macroeconomic policies. can provide the most "free" and least regulated business environment
a return to the type of extreme economic nationalism and "beggar thy neighbor"
find a place in the new world economy is even more grave: with the absolute costs of labor becoming less and
"Peoples against States: Ethnopolitical
4. New York: America
and conflict. 1994. societies, of all political types, unacceptable to a significant number of the
but they are being aggressively promoted internationally as universal values,
Production, Power and World Order:
have suffered from economic globalization, and they are increasingly doubtful
"that there are limits to the extent to which the human person, acting
and pulverizing, never integrating (Barber, 1996: 6). world as a whole, there may be grounds to conclude that the process of globalization
the inherent worth of which should be obvious to all right-thinking people. As the existing institutions all emerge from the crucible of the failing state orderThe West will not of history.". loss of control over societies, symbols and myths. However, trends 1995.
?." This is the point made by Richard Falk when he argues that globalism
Environmental destruction is surely exacerbated with the success of globalization. ground in his analysis as Huntington and Fuller, Barber goes further to show
well be torn by conflicts "more intractable than the previous disputes this way: At national, regional, and international levels, within Robertson, Roland. with the state(s) whose exports are restricted, necessarily suffers. though overlapping in many respects, do emphasize different dimensions of the effects that will not leave the rest of the globe untouched: Wars, refugees, Barber, Benjamin R. 1992.
Cambridge:
He goes on to state: If, in the nineteenth century, those people who understood
In this way, globalization destroys the feelings of globalism, love
1992. "The race for the bottom." The average people around the world increasingly feel they The primary vehicles for this process have been the increasing and communities at risk in the rich countries and exploits cheap labor in the power in favor of capital, which is highly mobile and thus able to move where World as Steve Hellinger, Executive Director of The Development GAP organization, Volume III of his classic Social and Cultural Dynamics, entitled Fluctuations more threatened now as their national institutions are undermined by the international there are lack sufficient power, authority and scope to regulate and direct this process As a result globalization is often disruptive and inequitable in the years ahead. If the means to the
people they affect.
in our day-to-day lives.
by a reduction in both the willingness and ability of governments to keep employment number and variety of populist groups all over the world. for instance, by the change from the horse and cart to the automobile, or from One of the few points of agreement among globalization commentators as diverse that looks to the longer term and future generations for whom the present is thus sets the stage for the confrontation between what Benjamin Barber has called organizational form for large enterprises; (5) openness to foreign investment; Globalization: Social Theory and 1995: 130). Second, as we have seen, there are signs that many of the contemporary effects At the moment there is a serious contradiction between the fact that globalization acknowledge that conflicts are related to the following conditions: These points indicate a need for new thinking about old questions, and in that
Consider this passage from Waters: Modern society is specifically reflexive in character. politics." concrete global interdependence and consciousness of the global whole in the
Burton explains that in analyzing conflict one must distinguish among needs, This has, in a sense, always been the case since capitalism replaced feudalism
His study
Schumpeter, Joseph. interaction and exchange.
job insecurity, drugs, crime--these are the forces that are tearing at the social as its consequences ramify. In summary, Burton's work indicates that, ideology aside, globalization cannot
Or, states new order is a function of economic performance (Ake, 1995: 26).
of international politics and society have confronted these issues, basic questions In trying to resolve disputes it should be understood Boulder: Westview. They feel even personal violence of crime, racism and xenophobia (1996). and global governance will evolve to better accommodate the basic needs and which Sorokin identified as characteristic of periods of high social strife; recession;' or marketing issues in terms of 'world products' (e.g. global power structure.
Fluctuations of Social Relationships, War and Revolution. But the contemporary period is also characterized As Kapstein puts it: It is hardly sensationalist to claim that in the absence
physically while lacking a consensus on fundamental values and priorities may 3, Summer, pp. society; but in the 1990's the state, weakened by globalization, is less effective
tasks has not yet emerged. Africa."
"begin to consider redirecting their loyalties and legitimacy sentiments"(Rosenau, forces (Scholte, 1997). and by a rising tide of insecurity and anxiety. New York: St. Martin's Press. of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that of domestic political support is gained by the national leadership, relations
planet as a single political, social and economic system. of writing, a poll by the Bank of Boston showed that 51% of U.S. citizens believed This is a dialectical process because such local happenings may move in an obverse Foreign Affairs, Vol. October, 1995.
Internationalism a Bad Name." and deprivations which, in the aggregate, constitute an increasingly well-defined Though the previous discussion is suggestive, the link between globalization $5 & 6/,Lsu*20)i@ZAd020i> V )5f&Llg;s3chb8a)[e3 Globalism is also a set of values and ethical beliefs requiring active practice Polity Press. attempts to clarify various aspects of globalization and then considers its to expect mass consumption but are increasingly sufficiently well informed to has also been portrayed as having a very dark side. "Fundamentalism Revisited." 1-16. Latin America. the most popular attention, much of which has been negative due to the frequency http://nexxus.com.cwru.edu/amjdc/papers/85, that could lead to destructive reactions. as Richard Barnet (Barnet and Cavanagh, 1994) and Ruud Lubbers (Lubbers, 1997) 1993.
the institution receives support and is consolidated and perpetuated. people, conflict can not be resolved this way. fostered some increasingly extreme views. world and its logic in the developing world), since there is little chance that as the dominant system of production. New York: Times Books.
Furthermore, 73% wanted labor and environmental issues included between conflicts which focus on issues of culture and identity, and others The overal effect of these awareness of the planet as "one place", a perspective which some have The New Global Economy in the Information Age: Reflections on our Changing World, When they succeed, though some element First, we can see that all three types of conflict "stakes"--i.e. societies. Our Global Neighbourhood. (1990: 23). Relativization, however, is a process which may involve either "The Dwarfing of Europe" in Toynbee,
Significantly, social deterioration and reaction are not confined to the Third/Fourth
this change puts great stress on individuals, social institutions (like Hirst, Paul and, Grahame Thompson. while, on the other, approaches to their solution tend to be piece meal, halting The pace of global change is extremely rapid, and even those trained to track Monitor, Novemember 14). that though the process is in several respects irreversible--i.e. Irredentism abounds (Attali, 1991: 117). fuels involuntary emigration, which in turn may result in racism and fear of
fabric of communities across the Northern hemisphere (Hellinger, 1996). in any given conflict, such as a strike over better working conditions, one
Strictly speaking, national sovereignty is really For instance, at the time government regulatory structures, the lack of adequate regulatory standards Both the pace and direction of change in these
by the fact that the Zapatista leader, "Commandante Mart,"
in particular), or even in human organs for transplants in the private clinics "..A value-oriented, anti-modern, dedifferentiating form of collective inefficient technologies. Holm, Hans-Henrik and Georg Srensen. New York: Harper. by new information technologies, permits a degree of optimism that adaptive
and cultural disaster. Globalization and World Society. trailer << /Size 1557 /Info 1533 0 R /Root 1539 0 R /Prev 357985 /ID[<900400d798c9a921db780e9ea6fcf067>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 1539 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1536 0 R /Metadata 1534 0 R /Outlines 103 0 R /OpenAction [ 1541 0 R /XYZ null null null ] /PageMode /UseNone /PageLabels 1532 0 R /StructTreeRoot 1540 0 R /PieceInfo << /MarkedPDF << /LastModified (D:20030227160529)>> >> /LastModified (D:20030227160529) /MarkInfo << /Marked true /LetterspaceFlags 0 >> >> endobj 1540 0 obj << /Type /StructTreeRoot /RoleMap 113 0 R /ClassMap 116 0 R /K 877 0 R /ParentTree 1415 0 R /ParentTreeNextKey 20 >> endobj 1555 0 obj << /S 443 /O 544 /L 560 /C 576 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 1556 0 R >> stream Local transformation of the world's peoples to promote alternative agendas to that currently driving industry and the influx of foreign workers (who work for lower wages). 0000000735 00000 n 1997. to the universalisation of western ideological and political concepts (Waters,
global market. Conflict: Resolution and Provention. 'human rights;' or issues of pollution and purification in terms of 'saving these divisive issues are approached and dealt with in the years ahead. relatively privileged classes, are demonstrating that there are features of 1942. permissiveness and self-awareness. volume of essays (Holm and Srensen, 1995) has highlighted, globalization
become the general condition in modern societies, arguing that: Human needs are being frustrated on a large scale in all
0000001097 00000 n 1995. the nature and scope of political conflict in a world of globalized "postinternational
Anthony Giddens's adds an important dimension to the picture by emphasizing Thus, globalization both enlightens and pacifies, both widens horizons and
of economic and cultural globalization are not considered legitimate by an increasing that can reference all social mores and practices," (Waters, 1995: 130) is, more common ground in this debate than is apparent at first glance. Several analysts have argued that one of the effects of rapid changes in societies Cambridge the family), and governments; something must be done to help individuals and societies adjust to change; measures taken so far have not provided an adequate solution to the perceived increasingly concentrated in major sectors. needs, whatever they are determined to be, are being met within an institution,
"The Next Ideology." Thus, in the 1990's it can be argued that the primary (Huntington, 1993: 29); and he does not hesitate to take his argument to its by negative experiences shared on a global scale, like for instance the Chernobyl initiatives in other areas.
Huntington is explicit about debunking the globalization myth that http://www.globalize.org/globview.htm, March 30. Hannerz, Ulf. Millenium: Winners and Losers in the people that comprise them (1990: 98). the ideology and practice of globalization, economist Robert MacEwan presents It is individualism, enabled by mass education and encouraged by post-1960s polarization in the debate about globalization's origins and effects, and has %PDF-1.3 % While acknowledging that there is still only limited consensus in this research globalization, and to thereby participate in decisions shaping the future of What has Changed." Second, since we have a generic drive to learn, we require a consistent New York: Simon and Schuster. really witnessing is a: contested and undecidedencounter between global Several prominent political analysts have argued variations on this theme. are able to more effectively reassert their identity in reaction to hegemonic loving, proselytizing rather than ecumenical, zealous rather than rationalist, International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the new World Trade Organization Global Governance, 1995: 353). sense of alarm that the nation-state as an institutional structure cannot cope
Tribalisms of all kinds (Waters, 1995: 51). national economies but on a consolidated global marketplace for production, Lastly, according to Ritchie, the longer a creative response to the negative al., Eds., institutions and values were introduced through state-building. Vol. goods around the planet seeking access to the cheapest factors of production, no plausible scenarios for "de-globalizing" the planet--it is also from "below" is necessary to counter globalization from "above" & Inter-American Trade Monitor," trade-news@igc.apc.org, November 14. that the world is already united, but it is not integrated (Robertson, 1992).
It produces concentrations
0000002412 00000 n
market value system. its highest during periods when a given society was undergoing a great change
1991. which, to some degree, protected workers in the industrial countries from the
markets " approve" of their macroeconomic policies. can provide the most "free" and least regulated business environment
a return to the type of extreme economic nationalism and "beggar thy neighbor"
find a place in the new world economy is even more grave: with the absolute costs of labor becoming less and
"Peoples against States: Ethnopolitical
4. New York: America
and conflict. 1994. societies, of all political types, unacceptable to a significant number of the
but they are being aggressively promoted internationally as universal values,
Production, Power and World Order:
have suffered from economic globalization, and they are increasingly doubtful
"that there are limits to the extent to which the human person, acting
and pulverizing, never integrating (Barber, 1996: 6). world as a whole, there may be grounds to conclude that the process of globalization
the inherent worth of which should be obvious to all right-thinking people. As the existing institutions all emerge from the crucible of the failing state orderThe West will not of history.". loss of control over societies, symbols and myths. However, trends 1995.
?." This is the point made by Richard Falk when he argues that globalism
Environmental destruction is surely exacerbated with the success of globalization. ground in his analysis as Huntington and Fuller, Barber goes further to show
well be torn by conflicts "more intractable than the previous disputes this way: At national, regional, and international levels, within Robertson, Roland. with the state(s) whose exports are restricted, necessarily suffers. though overlapping in many respects, do emphasize different dimensions of the effects that will not leave the rest of the globe untouched: Wars, refugees, Barber, Benjamin R. 1992.
Cambridge:
He goes on to state: If, in the nineteenth century, those people who understood
In this way, globalization destroys the feelings of globalism, love
1992. "The race for the bottom." The average people around the world increasingly feel they The primary vehicles for this process have been the increasing and communities at risk in the rich countries and exploits cheap labor in the power in favor of capital, which is highly mobile and thus able to move where World as Steve Hellinger, Executive Director of The Development GAP organization, Volume III of his classic Social and Cultural Dynamics, entitled Fluctuations more threatened now as their national institutions are undermined by the international there are lack sufficient power, authority and scope to regulate and direct this process As a result globalization is often disruptive and inequitable in the years ahead. If the means to the
people they affect.
in our day-to-day lives.
by a reduction in both the willingness and ability of governments to keep employment number and variety of populist groups all over the world. for instance, by the change from the horse and cart to the automobile, or from One of the few points of agreement among globalization commentators as diverse that looks to the longer term and future generations for whom the present is thus sets the stage for the confrontation between what Benjamin Barber has called organizational form for large enterprises; (5) openness to foreign investment; Globalization: Social Theory and 1995: 130). Second, as we have seen, there are signs that many of the contemporary effects At the moment there is a serious contradiction between the fact that globalization acknowledge that conflicts are related to the following conditions: These points indicate a need for new thinking about old questions, and in that
Consider this passage from Waters: Modern society is specifically reflexive in character. politics." concrete global interdependence and consciousness of the global whole in the
Burton explains that in analyzing conflict one must distinguish among needs, This has, in a sense, always been the case since capitalism replaced feudalism
His study
Schumpeter, Joseph. interaction and exchange.
job insecurity, drugs, crime--these are the forces that are tearing at the social as its consequences ramify. In summary, Burton's work indicates that, ideology aside, globalization cannot
Or, states new order is a function of economic performance (Ake, 1995: 26).
of international politics and society have confronted these issues, basic questions In trying to resolve disputes it should be understood Boulder: Westview. They feel even personal violence of crime, racism and xenophobia (1996). and global governance will evolve to better accommodate the basic needs and which Sorokin identified as characteristic of periods of high social strife; recession;' or marketing issues in terms of 'world products' (e.g. global power structure.
Fluctuations of Social Relationships, War and Revolution. But the contemporary period is also characterized As Kapstein puts it: It is hardly sensationalist to claim that in the absence
physically while lacking a consensus on fundamental values and priorities may 3, Summer, pp. society; but in the 1990's the state, weakened by globalization, is less effective
tasks has not yet emerged. Africa."
"begin to consider redirecting their loyalties and legitimacy sentiments"(Rosenau, forces (Scholte, 1997). and by a rising tide of insecurity and anxiety. New York: St. Martin's Press. of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that of domestic political support is gained by the national leadership, relations
planet as a single political, social and economic system. of writing, a poll by the Bank of Boston showed that 51% of U.S. citizens believed This is a dialectical process because such local happenings may move in an obverse Foreign Affairs, Vol. October, 1995.
Internationalism a Bad Name." and deprivations which, in the aggregate, constitute an increasingly well-defined Though the previous discussion is suggestive, the link between globalization $5 & 6/,Lsu*20)i@ZAd020i> V )5f&Llg;s3chb8a)[e3 Globalism is also a set of values and ethical beliefs requiring active practice Polity Press. attempts to clarify various aspects of globalization and then considers its to expect mass consumption but are increasingly sufficiently well informed to has also been portrayed as having a very dark side. "Fundamentalism Revisited." 1-16. Latin America. the most popular attention, much of which has been negative due to the frequency http://nexxus.com.cwru.edu/amjdc/papers/85, that could lead to destructive reactions. as Richard Barnet (Barnet and Cavanagh, 1994) and Ruud Lubbers (Lubbers, 1997) 1993.
the institution receives support and is consolidated and perpetuated. people, conflict can not be resolved this way. fostered some increasingly extreme views. world and its logic in the developing world), since there is little chance that as the dominant system of production. New York: Times Books.
Furthermore, 73% wanted labor and environmental issues included between conflicts which focus on issues of culture and identity, and others The overal effect of these awareness of the planet as "one place", a perspective which some have The New Global Economy in the Information Age: Reflections on our Changing World, When they succeed, though some element First, we can see that all three types of conflict "stakes"--i.e. societies. Our Global Neighbourhood. (1990: 23). Relativization, however, is a process which may involve either "The Dwarfing of Europe" in Toynbee,
Significantly, social deterioration and reaction are not confined to the Third/Fourth
this change puts great stress on individuals, social institutions (like Hirst, Paul and, Grahame Thompson. while, on the other, approaches to their solution tend to be piece meal, halting The pace of global change is extremely rapid, and even those trained to track Monitor, Novemember 14). that though the process is in several respects irreversible--i.e. Irredentism abounds (Attali, 1991: 117). fuels involuntary emigration, which in turn may result in racism and fear of
fabric of communities across the Northern hemisphere (Hellinger, 1996). in any given conflict, such as a strike over better working conditions, one
Strictly speaking, national sovereignty is really For instance, at the time government regulatory structures, the lack of adequate regulatory standards Both the pace and direction of change in these
by the fact that the Zapatista leader, "Commandante Mart,"
in particular), or even in human organs for transplants in the private clinics "..A value-oriented, anti-modern, dedifferentiating form of collective inefficient technologies. Holm, Hans-Henrik and Georg Srensen. New York: Harper. by new information technologies, permits a degree of optimism that adaptive
and cultural disaster. Globalization and World Society. trailer << /Size 1557 /Info 1533 0 R /Root 1539 0 R /Prev 357985 /ID[<900400d798c9a921db780e9ea6fcf067>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 1539 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1536 0 R /Metadata 1534 0 R /Outlines 103 0 R /OpenAction [ 1541 0 R /XYZ null null null ] /PageMode /UseNone /PageLabels 1532 0 R /StructTreeRoot 1540 0 R /PieceInfo << /MarkedPDF << /LastModified (D:20030227160529)>> >> /LastModified (D:20030227160529) /MarkInfo << /Marked true /LetterspaceFlags 0 >> >> endobj 1540 0 obj << /Type /StructTreeRoot /RoleMap 113 0 R /ClassMap 116 0 R /K 877 0 R /ParentTree 1415 0 R /ParentTreeNextKey 20 >> endobj 1555 0 obj << /S 443 /O 544 /L 560 /C 576 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 1556 0 R >> stream Local transformation of the world's peoples to promote alternative agendas to that currently driving industry and the influx of foreign workers (who work for lower wages). 0000000735 00000 n 1997. to the universalisation of western ideological and political concepts (Waters,
global market. Conflict: Resolution and Provention. 'human rights;' or issues of pollution and purification in terms of 'saving these divisive issues are approached and dealt with in the years ahead. relatively privileged classes, are demonstrating that there are features of 1942. permissiveness and self-awareness. volume of essays (Holm and Srensen, 1995) has highlighted, globalization
become the general condition in modern societies, arguing that: Human needs are being frustrated on a large scale in all
0000001097 00000 n 1995. the nature and scope of political conflict in a world of globalized "postinternational
Anthony Giddens's adds an important dimension to the picture by emphasizing Thus, globalization both enlightens and pacifies, both widens horizons and
of economic and cultural globalization are not considered legitimate by an increasing that can reference all social mores and practices," (Waters, 1995: 130) is, more common ground in this debate than is apparent at first glance. Several analysts have argued that one of the effects of rapid changes in societies Cambridge the family), and governments; something must be done to help individuals and societies adjust to change; measures taken so far have not provided an adequate solution to the perceived increasingly concentrated in major sectors. needs, whatever they are determined to be, are being met within an institution,
"The Next Ideology." Thus, in the 1990's it can be argued that the primary (Huntington, 1993: 29); and he does not hesitate to take his argument to its by negative experiences shared on a global scale, like for instance the Chernobyl initiatives in other areas.
Huntington is explicit about debunking the globalization myth that http://www.globalize.org/globview.htm, March 30. Hannerz, Ulf. Millenium: Winners and Losers in the people that comprise them (1990: 98). the ideology and practice of globalization, economist Robert MacEwan presents It is individualism, enabled by mass education and encouraged by post-1960s polarization in the debate about globalization's origins and effects, and has %PDF-1.3 % While acknowledging that there is still only limited consensus in this research globalization, and to thereby participate in decisions shaping the future of What has Changed." Second, since we have a generic drive to learn, we require a consistent New York: Simon and Schuster. really witnessing is a: contested and undecidedencounter between global Several prominent political analysts have argued variations on this theme. are able to more effectively reassert their identity in reaction to hegemonic loving, proselytizing rather than ecumenical, zealous rather than rationalist, International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the new World Trade Organization Global Governance, 1995: 353). sense of alarm that the nation-state as an institutional structure cannot cope
Tribalisms of all kinds (Waters, 1995: 51). national economies but on a consolidated global marketplace for production, Lastly, according to Ritchie, the longer a creative response to the negative al., Eds., institutions and values were introduced through state-building. Vol. goods around the planet seeking access to the cheapest factors of production, no plausible scenarios for "de-globalizing" the planet--it is also from "below" is necessary to counter globalization from "above" & Inter-American Trade Monitor," trade-news@igc.apc.org, November 14. that the world is already united, but it is not integrated (Robertson, 1992).